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| A |
Annular nail
- pallet nail with annular (circular ring) threads
rolled onto the shank.
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| B |
Banding notch
- see strap slot
Bin - four-sided superstructure to be mounted
on a pallet base, with or without a cover; also
known as a box or container bin pallet.
Block - rectangular, square or cylindrical
deck spacer, often identified by its location within
the pallet as corner block, end block, edge block,
inner block, center or middle block.
Block pallet - a type of pallet with blocks
between the pallet decks or beneath the top deck.
Butted deckboard - an inner deckboard placed
tightly against an adjacent lead deckboard during
pallet assembly.
Bottom deck - assembly of deckboards comprising
the lower, load bearing surface of the pallet.
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| C |
CAD
- computer-aided-design software that allows the
design of the "right" pallet at the best value;
see Pallet Design System (PDS).
Captive pallet - a pallet intended for use
within the confines of a single facility, system
or ownership; not intended to be exchanged.
Chamfered deckboards - deckboards with edges
of one or two faces beveled, either along the full
or specified length of board or between the stringers
or blocks, allowing easier entry of pallet jack
wheels.
Closed distribution system - shipping system
restricted to moving goods between specified plants
and facilities.
Collar - collapsible wooden container or
bin which transforms a pallet into a box.
Cost-pass through - a cost-share system where
the partial cost of a pallet is passed-through from
the purchaser to the receiver of the pallet.
Cost-per-trip - average cost of pallet use
for a single one-way trip.
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| D |
Deck - one or more boards or panels comprising
the top or bottom surface of the pallet.
Deck mat - assembly of deckboards and stringerboards,
forming the deck of a block pallet.
Deckboard - element or component of a pallet
deck, oriented perpendicular to the stringer or
stringerboard.
Deckboard spacing - distance between adjacent
deckboards.
Deckboard span - distance between deckboard
supports (stringers, stringerboards or blocks).
Deflection - the amount of deformation or
bending in a pallet or pallet component under load.
Dimensions - see pallet dimensions.
Double-face pallet - a pallet with top and
bottom deckboards extending beyond the edges of
the stringers or stringerboards.
Drive screw nail - helically (continuous
spiral) threaded pallet nail.
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| E |
Economic life - output from program which identifies
the number of trips the pallet will make, provided
it is properly repaired, which maximizes a return
on investment.
Exchange pallet - a pallet intended for use
among a designated group of shippers and receivers
where ownership of the pallet is transferal with
the ownership of the unit load; common pool pallet.
Expendable pallet - a pallet intended for
a series of handlings during a single trip from
shipper to receiver; it is then disposed; see shipping
pallet.
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| F |
Fastener - a mechanical
devise for joining pallet components such as nails,
staples, bolts or screws.
Fastener shear index - relative measure of
shear resistance of the pallet fastener.
Flush pallet - a pallet with deckboards flush
with the stringers, stringer-boards or blocks along
the sides of the pallet.
Fork entry - opening between decks, beneath
the top deck or beneath the stringer notch to admit
forks.
Four-way block pallet - a pallet with openings
at both pallet ends and along pallet sides sufficient
to admit hand-pallet jacks; full four-way entry
pallet.
Free span - the distance between supports
in a warehouse rack.
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| H |
Hand (wheel) jack opening
- space provided in the bottom deck to allow pallet
jack wheels to bear on the floor.
Handling - a single pick-up, movement and
set-down of a loaded or empty pallet.
Hardened-steel nail - heat-treated and tempered
steel pallet nail with a MIBANT angle between 8
and 28 degrees.
Hardwood - wood from broad-leaved species
of trees (not necessarily hard or dense).
Helical nail - helically (continuous spiral)
threaded pallet nail, see also drive screw nail.
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| I |
Inner deckboard
- any deckboard located between the end deckboards.
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| J |
Joint
- intersection and connection of components, often
identified by location within the pallet as the
end joint, center joint and corner joint.
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| L |
Length
- refers to the stringer or stringerboard (in block
pallets) length; also refers to the first dimension
given to describe a pallet, i.e., 48" x 40", where
48" is the pallet stringer/stringerboard length.
Life to first repair - output from PDS program
which is equivalent to the number of trips the pallet
will last before needing repair.
Line load - the weight of a unit load concentrated
along a narrow area across the full length or width
of the pallet.
Load bearing surface - actual area of material
in contact with and supporting a unit load.
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| M |
MIBANT angle
- the bend angle in a fastener shank when subjected
to a MIBANT test.
MIBANT test (Morgan Impact Bend Angle Nail Tester)
- standard impact nail tester used in the pallet
and lumber industry as an indication of impact bend
resistance of nails or staples.
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| N |
Nail
- fastener made from endless wire by cutting a point
and forming a head at the shank end opposite the
point.
National Wooden Pallet and Container Association
- a national association with the goal of promoting
the de- sign, manufacturer, distribution, recycling
and sale of pallets, containers and reels.
Non-reversible pallet - a pallet with bottom
deckboard configuration different from top deck.
Notch - cutout in lower portion of the stringer
to allow entry for the fork tine, usually 9" in
length, 1-1/2" in depth.
Notched stringer - a stringer with two notches
spaced for fork-tine entry, (partial four-way entry).
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| O |
Opening height
- the vertical distance measured between decks,
from the floor to the underside of the top deck,
or from the floor to the top of the stringer notch.
Overall height - the vertical distance measured
from the floor to the top side of the top deck.
Overhang - the distance the deck extends
from the outer edge of the stringer or stringerboard;
wing; lip.
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| P |
Pallet
- a portable, horizontal, rigid platform used as
a base for assembling, storing, stacking, handling
and transporting goods as a unit load, often equipped
with a superstructure.
Pallet Design System (PDS) Ð reliability
based computer-aided design (CAD) program, for determining
the safe load carrying capacity, performance, life
and economy of wooden pallets.
Pallet-dimensions - when specifying pallet
size, the stringer or stringerboard (block pallet)
length is always expressed first; for example, a
48" x 40" pallet has a 48" stringer or stringerboard
and 40" deckboards.
Pallet jack - hand-propelled, wheeled platform,
equipped with a lifting device for moving palletized
unit loads.
Pallet life - the period during which the
pallet remains useful, expressed in units of time
or in the number of one-way trips.
Panel deck pallet - pallet constructed with
composite or structural panel top deck.
Partial four-way stringer pallet - a pallet
with notched stringers.
Post pallet - a pallet fitted with posts
or blocks between the decks or beneath the top deck;
see block pallet.
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| Q |
Quality
- consistent performance of a uniform product meeting
the customer's needs for economy and function.
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| R |
Racked across deckboards
- output from PDS program describing the maximum
load carrying capacity and deflection of a pallet
where the rack frame supports the pallet only at
the ends of the deckboards.
Racked across stringers - output from PDS
program describing the maximum load carrying capacity
and deflection of a pallet where the rack frame
supports the pallet only at the ends of the stringers
or stringer boards.
Repair - to remake in order to use again.
Recycling - a pallet, container or reel that
has been used, discarded, salvaged, repaired and
which passes through a cycle again.
Rental pallet - a pallet owned by a third
party, different from the actual pallet user.
Returnable/reusable pallet - a pallet designed
to be used for more than one trip.
Reversible pallet - a pallet with identical
top and bottom decks.
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| S |
Shipping pallet
- pallet designed to be used for a single one-way
trip from shipper to receiver; it is then disposed;
see expendable pallet.
Shook - cut-to-size pallet parts to be assembled
into pallets.
Shook grade - the classification of the quality
of pallet parts relative to performance characteristics
based on size and distribution of defects, independent
of wood species.
Single-wing pallet - a pallet with the deckboards
extending beyond the edges of the stringers or stringer-boards
with the bottom deckboards flush (if present).
Skid - a pallet having no bottom deck.
Slave pallet - pallet, platform or single,
thick panel used as a support base for a palletized
load in rack-storage facilities or production systems.
Soft nail - pallet nail with a MIBANT angle
equal to or greater than 47 degrees.
Softwood - wood from coniferous or needle-bearing
species of trees (not necessarily soft or low density).
Solid deck pallet - a pallet constructed
with no spacing between deckboards.
Span - the distance between stringer or block
supports.
Stevedore pallet - a pallet designed for
use on seaport shipping docks, normally of heavy-duty,
double-wing construction.
Stiff-stock steel nail - pallet nail made
of medium-high carbon steel without heat treatment
and tempering with MIBANT angle between 29 and 46
degrees.
Strap slot - recess or cutout on the upper
edge of the stringer or the bottom of the top deckboard
to allow tie-down of a unit load to the pallet deck
with strapping/banding, also called the banding
notch strapping - thin flat bands used to secure
load to pallet.
Stringer - continuous, longitudinal, solid
or notched beam-component of the pallet used to
support deck components, often identified by location
as the outside or center stringer.
Stringerboard - in block pallets, continuous,
solid board member extending for the full length
of the pallet perpendicular to deckboard members
and placed between deckboards and blocks.
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| T |
Take-it-or-leave-it pallet
- a pallet fitted with fixed cleats on the top deckboards
to permit fork truck tines to pass beneath the unit
load and remove it from the pallet.
Top cap - panel to be placed on top of a
unit load to allow for tight strapping without damaging
the unit load.
Top-deck of the pallet - the assembly of
deckboards comprising the upper load-carrying surface
of the pallet.
Trip - consists of four to six handlings
of a pallet.
Two-way entry pallet - a pallet with unnotched
solid stringers allowing entry only from the ends.
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| U |
Unit load
- assembly of goods on a pallet for handling, moving,
storing and stacking as a single entity.
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| W |
Warehouse pallet - a double-face multiple trip
returnable pallet intended for general warehouse
use.
Wing - overhang of deckboard end from outside
edge of stringer or stringer.
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B 
